{"id":1748,"date":"2026-06-06T09:52:30","date_gmt":"2026-06-06T01:52:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/wordpress.fangt.online\/?p=1748"},"modified":"2026-06-06T09:52:30","modified_gmt":"2026-06-06T01:52:30","slug":"%e5%bc%82%e5%b8%b8%e5%a4%84%e7%90%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/wordpress.fangt.online\/index.php\/2026\/06\/06\/%e5%bc%82%e5%b8%b8%e5%a4%84%e7%90%86\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u9519\u8bef\u68c0\u6d4b\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u201d\u5206\u79bb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528 <code>throw<\/code> \u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6355\u83b7\u5f02\u5e38<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528 <code>try<\/code>&#8211;<code>catch<\/code> \u5757<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u4f20\u64ad<\/strong>\uff1a\u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u51fd\u6570\u672a\u6355\u83b7\uff0c\u5f02\u5e38\u6cbf\u8c03\u7528\u6808\u5411\u4e0a\u4f20\u9012\uff1b\u76f4\u5230 <code>main<\/code> \u4ecd\u672a\u6355\u83b7\u5219\u8c03\u7528 <code>terminate()<\/code> \u7ec8\u6b62\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>#include &lt;iostream&gt;\nusing namespace std;\n\ndouble divide(double a, double b) {\n    if (b == 0)\n        throw \"\u9664\u6570\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u96f6\";      \/\/ \u629b\u51fa const char* \u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\n    return a \/ b;\n}\n\nint main() {\n    try {\n        double result = divide(10, 0);\n        cout &lt;&lt; result &lt;&lt; endl;\n    }\n    catch (const char* msg) {      \/\/ \u6355\u83b7 const char* \u5f02\u5e38\n        cerr &lt;&lt; \"\u9519\u8bef: \" &lt;&lt; msg &lt;&lt; endl;\n    }\n    return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<code>\u9519\u8bef: \u9664\u6570\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u96f6<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><code>throw<\/code> \u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>throw<\/code> \u53ef\u4ee5\u629b\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff08\u57fa\u672c\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u6307\u9488\u3001\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u629b\u51fa\u6d3e\u751f\u81ea <code>std::exception<\/code> \u7684\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>throw 42;                    \/\/ \u629b\u51fa int\nthrow \"error\";               \/\/ \u629b\u51fa const char*\nthrow MyException();         \/\/ \u629b\u51fa\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\nthrow;                       \/\/ \u91cd\u65b0\u629b\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u6355\u83b7\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\uff08\u4ec5\u5728 catch \u5757\u5185\u4f7f\u7528\uff09<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91cd\u65b0\u629b\u51fa\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>try {\n    \/\/ ...\n}\ncatch (...) {               \/\/ \u6355\u83b7\u6240\u6709\u5f02\u5e38\n    \/\/ \u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u6e05\u7406\u5de5\u4f5c\n    throw;                  \/\/ \u5c06\u539f\u5f02\u5e38\u7ee7\u7eed\u5411\u4e0a\u4f20\u9012\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><code>try<\/code>&#8211;<code>catch<\/code> \u5757<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u591a\u4e2a <code>catch<\/code> \u5b50\u53e5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u5339\u914d\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u540e\u7eed <code>catch<\/code> \u4e0d\u518d\u6267\u884c\u3002<strong>\u5e94\u628a\u66f4\u7279\u5316\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u653e\u5728\u524d\u9762<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>try {\n    \/\/ code\n}\ncatch (int e) {\n    cout &lt;&lt; \"\u6355\u83b7\u6574\u6570\u5f02\u5e38: \" &lt;&lt; e &lt;&lt; endl;\n}\ncatch (const char* e) {\n    cout &lt;&lt; \"\u6355\u83b7\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5f02\u5e38: \" &lt;&lt; e &lt;&lt; endl;\n}\ncatch (...) {               \/\/ \u6355\u83b7\u4efb\u4f55\u672a\u88ab\u4e0a\u9762\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\n    cout &lt;&lt; \"\u672a\u77e5\u5f02\u5e38\" &lt;&lt; endl;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6309\u5f15\u7528\u6355\u83b7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u63a8\u8350\u6309 <strong>const \u5f15\u7528<\/strong> \u6355\u83b7\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5bf9\u8c61\u62f7\u8d1d\u53ca slicing\uff08\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u88ab\u5207\u4e3a\u57fa\u7c7b\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>catch (const exception&amp; e) {\n    cerr &lt;&lt; e.what() &lt;&lt; endl;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u7684 <code>try\/catch<\/code><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6574\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 <code>try<\/code> \u5305\u88f9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>void func() try {\n    \/\/ \u51fd\u6570\u4f53\n}\ncatch (const exception&amp; e) {\n    \/\/ \u5904\u7406\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6807\u51c6\u5f02\u5e38\u7c7b\uff08\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C++ \u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b <code>&lt;stdexcept&gt;<\/code> \u4e2d\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u7c7b\u5c42\u6b21\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5f02\u5e38\u90fd\u7ee7\u627f\u81ea\u57fa\u7c7b <code>exception<\/code>\uff08\u4f4d\u4e8e <code>&lt;exception&gt;<\/code>\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5e38\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u5f02\u5e38<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table has-small-font-size\"><table><thead><tr><th>\u5f02\u5e38\u7c7b<\/th><th>\u5934\u6587\u4ef6<\/th><th>\u8bf4\u660e<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><code>exception<\/code><\/td><td><code>&lt;exception&gt;<\/code><\/td><td>\u6240\u6709\u6807\u51c6\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u57fa\u7c7b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>logic_error<\/code><\/td><td><code>&lt;stdexcept&gt;<\/code><\/td><td>\u903b\u8f91\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u9884\u5224<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>domain_error<\/code><\/td><td><code>&lt;stdexcept&gt;<\/code><\/td><td>\u5b9a\u4e49\u57df\u9519\u8bef<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>invalid_argument<\/code><\/td><td><code>&lt;stdexcept&gt;<\/code><\/td><td>\u65e0\u6548\u53c2\u6570<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>length_error<\/code><\/td><td><code>&lt;stdexcept&gt;<\/code><\/td><td>\u957f\u5ea6\u8fc7\u957f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>out_of_range<\/code><\/td><td><code>&lt;stdexcept&gt;<\/code><\/td><td>\u8d85\u51fa\u8303\u56f4\uff08\u5982 <code>vector::at()<\/code>\uff09<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>runtime_error<\/code><\/td><td><code>&lt;stdexcept&gt;<\/code><\/td><td>\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u9884\u5224<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>range_error<\/code><\/td><td><code>&lt;stdexcept&gt;<\/code><\/td><td>\u5185\u90e8\u8ba1\u7b97\u8303\u56f4\u9519\u8bef<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>overflow_error<\/code><\/td><td><code>&lt;stdexcept&gt;<\/code><\/td><td>\u7b97\u672f\u4e0a\u6ea2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>underflow_error<\/code><\/td><td><code>&lt;stdexcept&gt;<\/code><\/td><td>\u7b97\u672f\u4e0b\u6ea2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>bad_alloc<\/code><\/td><td><code>&lt;new&gt;<\/code><\/td><td><code>new<\/code> \u5206\u914d\u5931\u8d25<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>bad_cast<\/code><\/td><td><code>&lt;typeinfo&gt;<\/code><\/td><td><code>dynamic_cast<\/code> \u5931\u8d25\uff08\u5f15\u7528\uff09<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4f7f\u7528\u793a\u4f8b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>#include &lt;stdexcept&gt;\n#include &lt;iostream&gt;\nusing namespace std;\n\nint getCharAt(const string&amp; s, int idx) {\n    if (idx &lt; 0 || idx &gt;= s.size())\n        throw out_of_range(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d85\u51fa\u8303\u56f4\");\n    return s&#91;idx];\n}\n\nint main() {\n    try {\n        getCharAt(\"hello\", 10);\n    }\n    catch (const out_of_range&amp; e) {\n        cerr &lt;&lt; \"out_of_range: \" &lt;&lt; e.what() &lt;&lt; endl;\n    }\n    catch (const exception&amp; e) {   \/\/ \u6355\u83b7\u5176\u4ed6\u6807\u51c6\u5f02\u5e38\n        cerr &lt;&lt; \"exception: \" &lt;&lt; e.what() &lt;&lt; endl;\n    }\n    return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>what()<\/code> \u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u9519\u8bef\u63cf\u8ff0\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5f02\u5e38\u7c7b\uff08\u7565\uff0c\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7ee7\u627f\u81ea <code>std::exception<\/code>\uff08\u6216\u5b83\u7684\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u8986\u76d6 <code>what()<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>#include &lt;exception&gt;\n#include &lt;iostream&gt;\n#include &lt;cstring&gt;\nusing namespace std;\n\nclass MyException : public exception {\nprivate:\n    char msg&#91;100];\npublic:\n    MyException(const char* errorMsg) {\n        strncpy(msg, errorMsg, sizeof(msg) - 1);\n        msg&#91;sizeof(msg)-1] = '\\0';\n    }\n    const char* what() const noexcept override {\n        return msg;\n    }\n};\n\n\/\/ \u66f4\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u7ee7\u627f runtime_error\n#include &lt;stdexcept&gt;\nclass MyRuntimeError : public runtime_error {\npublic:\n    MyRuntimeError(const string&amp; msg) : runtime_error(msg) {}\n};\n\nint main() {\n    try {\n        throw MyException(\"\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u9519\u8bef\");\n    }\n    catch (const MyException&amp; e) {\n        cerr &lt;&lt; e.what() &lt;&lt; endl;\n    }\n    return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u6ce8\u610f<\/strong>\uff1a<code>what()<\/code> \u5e94\u58f0\u660e\u4e3a <code>noexcept<\/code>\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u5e94\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><code>noexcept<\/code> \u8bf4\u660e\u7b26<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u58f0\u660e\u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u4f1a\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53ef\u7528 <code>noexcept(expression)<\/code> \u6839\u636e\u6761\u4ef6\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426 <code>noexcept<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5 \u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u9519\u8bef\u68c0\u6d4b\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u201d\u5206\u79bb\u3002 \u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5 \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a\u9519\u8bef: \u9664 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[61],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1748","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-zl"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/wordpress.fangt.online\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1748","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/wordpress.fangt.online\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/wordpress.fangt.online\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/wordpress.fangt.online\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/wordpress.fangt.online\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1748"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/wordpress.fangt.online\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1748\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1749,"href":"http:\/\/wordpress.fangt.online\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1748\/revisions\/1749"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/wordpress.fangt.online\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1748"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/wordpress.fangt.online\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1748"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/wordpress.fangt.online\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1748"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}