{"id":1746,"date":"2026-06-06T09:29:24","date_gmt":"2026-06-06T01:29:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/wordpress.fangt.online\/?p=1746"},"modified":"2026-06-06T09:29:25","modified_gmt":"2026-06-06T01:29:25","slug":"%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6%e6%93%8d%e4%bd%9c%e4%b8%8e%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6%e9%87%8d%e5%ae%9a%e5%90%91","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/wordpress.fangt.online\/index.php\/2026\/06\/06\/%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6%e6%93%8d%e4%bd%9c%e4%b8%8e%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6%e9%87%8d%e5%ae%9a%e5%90%91\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0e\u6587\u4ef6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u524d\u7f6e\u58f0\u660e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
#include <fstream>\n#include <iostream>\n#include <string>\n#include <limits>   \/\/ for numeric_limits\nusing namespace std;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
C++ \u63d0\u4f9b <fstream><\/code> \u5e93\u8fdb\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u5199\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7c7b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • ifstream<\/code>\uff1a\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u6d41\uff08\u8bfb\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • ofstream<\/code>\uff1a\u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u6d41\uff08\u5199\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • fstream<\/code>\uff1a\u53cc\u5411\u6587\u4ef6\u6d41\uff08\u8bfb\u5199\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
    \u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    ifstream fin;                \/\/ \u4ec5\u8bfb\nfin.open(\"data.txt\");        \/\/ \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4ee5 in \u6a21\u5f0f\u6253\u5f00\n\nofstream fout;               \/\/ \u4ec5\u5199\nfout.open(\"output.txt\");     \/\/ \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4ee5 out | trunc \u6a21\u5f0f\u6253\u5f00\n\nfstream fs;\nfs.open(\"both.txt\", ios::in | ios::out);  \/\/ \u8bfb\u5199\u6a21\u5f0f<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \u6253\u5f00\u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong>\uff08\u53ef\u7528 |<\/code> \u7ec4\u5408\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u6a21\u5f0f\u6807\u5fd7<\/th>\u542b\u4e49<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
    ios::in<\/code><\/td>\u8bfb<\/td><\/tr>
    ios::out<\/code><\/td>\u5199\uff08\u82e5\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u5728\u5219\u6e05\u7a7a\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
    ios::app<\/code><\/td>\u8ffd\u52a0\u5199<\/strong> \u2013 \u6bcf\u6b21\u5199\u5165\u524d\u81ea\u52a8\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u5c3e<\/td><\/tr>
    ios::ate<\/code><\/td>\u6253\u5f00\u540e\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u5c3e<\/td><\/tr>
    ios::trunc<\/code><\/td>\u6e05\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6<\/td><\/tr>
    ios::binary<\/code><\/td>\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6a21\u5f0f<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    \u4f7f\u7528\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u76f4\u63a5\u6253\u5f00\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    ifstream fin(\"data.txt\");      \/\/ \u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u7528 open\nofstream fout(\"output.txt\");<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \u68c0\u67e5\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u6253\u5f00\u6210\u529f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    if (!fin.is_open()) {\n    cerr << \"\u65e0\u6cd5\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\" << endl;\n    return 1;\n}\n\/\/ \u6216\u8005\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528 if (fin)\nif (!fin) {\n    cerr << \"\u6253\u5f00\u5931\u8d25\" << endl;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    fin.close();   \/\/ \u6790\u6784\u65f6\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5173\u95ed\uff0c\u4f46\u663e\u5f0f\u5173\u95ed\u53ef\u63d0\u524d\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \u8bfb\u5199\u793a\u4f8b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
    ifstream fin(\"example.txt\");\nif (!fin) {\n    cerr << \"\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u5931\u8d25\\n\";\n    return 1;\n}\n\nstring line;\nwhile (getline(fin, line)) {   \/\/ \u9010\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\n    cout << line << endl;\n}\n\n\/\/ \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 >> \u8bfb\u53d6\u5355\u8bcd\uff08\u8df3\u8fc7\u7a7a\u767d\uff09\n\/\/ string word; while (fin >> word) { ... }\n\nfin.close();<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \u666e\u901a\u5199\u5165\uff08\u8986\u76d6\u6a21\u5f0f\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
    ofstream fout(\"output.txt\");\nif (fout) {\n    fout << \"Hello, world!\" << endl;\n    fout << \"Line 2: \" << 123 << endl;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \u8ffd\u52a0\u5199\u5165\uff08\u4fdd\u7559\u539f\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u4f7f\u7528 ios::app<\/code> \u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u5199\u5165\u90fd\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u8ffd\u52a0\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u672b\u5c3e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    ofstream fout(\"log.txt\", ios::app);   \/\/ \u8ffd\u52a0\u6a21\u5f0f\nif (fout) {\n    fout << \"\u65b0\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u884c\" << endl;\n    fout << \"\u8ffd\u52a0\u65f6\u95f4: \" << time(nullptr) << endl;\n}\n\n\/\/ \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148 open\uff0c\u518d\u7528 app \u6a21\u5f0f\nofstream fout2;\nfout2.open(\"log.txt\", ios::app);<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \u5bf9\u4e8e fstream<\/code> \u540c\u65f6\u8bfb\u5199\u5e76\u8ffd\u52a0\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    fstream fs(\"data.txt\", ios::in | ios::out | ios::app);\n\/\/ \u6b64\u65f6\u8bfb\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u5934\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5199\u603b\u662f\u5728\u672b\u5c3e\u8ffd\u52a0\nfs << \"\u8ffd\u52a0\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\" << endl;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \u26a0\ufe0f \u6ce8\u610f<\/strong>\uff1a\u8ffd\u52a0\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u4f7f\u7528 seekp()<\/code> \u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u6539\u53d8\u5199\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21 write<\/code> \u6216 <<<\/code> \u90fd\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u79fb\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u5c3e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u9519\u8bef\u72b6\u6001\u4e0e\u6e05\u7406<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    fin.clear();                         \/\/ \u6e05\u9664\u9519\u8bef\u6807\u5fd7\nfin.seekg(0, ios::beg);              \/\/ \u91cd\u7f6e\u8bfb\u53d6\u4f4d\u7f6e\nfin.ignore(numeric_limits<streamsize>::max(), '\\n'); \/\/ \u8df3\u8fc7\u5f53\u524d\u884c<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \n\n\n\n
    \u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u5199\uff08\u7565\uff0c\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528 ios::binary<\/code> \u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u8bfb\u5199\u4f7f\u7528 read()<\/code> \/ write()<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    #include <fstream>\n#include <cstring>\n\nstruct Record {\n    int id;\n    double value;\n    char name[32];\n};\n\n\/\/ \u5199\u5165\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\nofstream fout(\"data.bin\", ios::binary);\nRecord r1{1, 3.14, \"example\"};\nfout.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&r1), sizeof(Record));\n\n\/\/ \u8bfb\u53d6\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\nifstream fin(\"data.bin\", ios::binary);\nRecord r2;\nfin.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&r2), sizeof(Record));<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \u26a0\ufe0f \u6ce8\u610f<\/strong>\uff1a\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u6307\u9488\uff08\u5982 string<\/code>\uff09\u65f6\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u6574\u4f53\u8bfb\u5199\uff0c\u5e94\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u5404\u6210\u5458\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \n\n\n\n
    \u6587\u4ef6\u6307\u9488\u79fb\u52a8\uff08\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff08\u7565\uff0c\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \u64cd\u4f5c<\/th>ifstream<\/th>ofstream<\/th>fstream<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
    \u83b7\u53d6\u8bfb\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/td>tellg()<\/code><\/td>\u2013<\/td>tellg()<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
    \u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bfb\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/td>seekg()<\/code><\/td>\u2013<\/td>seekg()<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
    \u83b7\u53d6\u5199\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/td>\u2013<\/td>tellp()<\/code><\/td>tellp()<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
    \u8bbe\u7f6e\u5199\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/td>\u2013<\/td>seekp()<\/code><\/td>seekp()<\/code><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    fstream fs(\"data.txt\", ios::in | ios::out);\nfs.seekg(10, ios::beg);     \/\/ \u8bfb\u4f4d\u7f6e\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u7b2c10\u5b57\u8282\nfs.seekp(0, ios::end);      \/\/ \u5199\u4f4d\u7f6e\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u5c3e\n\nauto pos = fs.tellg();      \/\/ \u83b7\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff08\u7c7b\u578b streampos\uff09\nfs.seekg(pos);              \/\/ \u6062\u590d\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \u504f\u79fb\u65b9\u5411<\/strong>\uff1aios::beg<\/code>\uff08\u5f00\u5934\uff09\u3001ios::cur<\/code>\uff08\u5f53\u524d\uff09\u3001ios::end<\/code>\uff08\u7ed3\u5c3e\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \n\n\n\n
    \u6587\u4ef6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \u5c06\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\uff08cin<\/code>\uff09\u3001\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff08cout<\/code>\uff09\u6216\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\uff08cerr<\/code>\uff09\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6216\u53cd\u4e4b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    C \u98ce\u683c\uff1afreopen<\/code><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u6d41\u4ea4\u4e92\u65f6\u4e0d\u591f\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    #include <cstdio>\n\n\/\/ \u5c06\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230 input.txt\nfreopen(\"input.txt\", \"r\", stdin);\n\n\/\/ \u5c06\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230 output.txt\nfreopen(\"output.txt\", \"w\", stdout);\n\n\/\/ \u6062\u590d\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u663e\u5f0f\u6062\u590d\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ed3\u675f\u5373\u8fd8\u539f\uff09<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u540e scanf<\/code>\/printf<\/code> \u6216 cin<\/code>\/cout<\/code> \u90fd\u4f1a\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    #include <iostream>\n#include <cstdio>\n\nint main() {\n    freopen(\"in.txt\", \"r\", stdin);\n    int a, b;\n    cin >> a >> b;             \/\/ \u4ece in.txt \u8bfb\u53d6\n    freopen(\"out.txt\", \"w\", stdout);\n    cout << a + b << endl;     \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa\u5230 out.txt\n    return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \u26a0\ufe0f \u6ce8\u610f\uff1afreopen<\/code> \u540e cin<\/code>\/cout<\/code> \u4ecd\u53ef\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u3002\u67d0\u4e9b\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0b\u5173\u95ed\u539f\u59cb\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u6d41\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    C++ \u98ce\u683c\uff1ardbuf()<\/code> \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u6d41\u7f13\u51b2\u533a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u53ef\u63a7\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u66ff\u6362\u6d41\u7684\u5185\u90e8 streambuf<\/code> \u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    #include <fstream>\n#include <iostream>\n\nint main() {\n    ifstream fin(\"input.txt\");\n    ofstream fout(\"output.txt\");\n\n    if (!fin || !fout) {\n        cerr << \"\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u5931\u8d25\\n\";\n        return 1;\n    }\n\n    \/\/ \u4fdd\u5b58\u539f\u59cb\u7684 cin \/ cout \u7f13\u51b2\u533a\n    auto* cin_buf = cin.rdbuf();\n    auto* cout_buf = cout.rdbuf();\n\n    \/\/ \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411 cin \u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u53d6\n    cin.rdbuf(fin.rdbuf());\n    \/\/ \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411 cout \u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\n    cout.rdbuf(fout.rdbuf());\n\n    \/\/ \u73b0\u5728 cin \u5c06\u4ece input.txt \u8bfb\u53d6\uff0ccout \u8f93\u51fa\u5230 output.txt\n    string s;\n    cin >> s;          \/\/ \u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\n    cout << s;         \/\/ \u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\n\n    \/\/ \u6062\u590d\u539f\u59cb\u6d41\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\n    cin.rdbuf(cin_buf);\n    cout.rdbuf(cout_buf);\n\n    \/\/ \u6587\u4ef6\u6d41\u4f1a\u968f\u6790\u6784\u81ea\u52a8\u5173\u95ed\n    return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \u4f18\u70b9<\/strong>\uff1a\u53ef\u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u6062\u590d\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u5176\u4ed6\u6d41\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230 stringstream<\/code>\uff08\u7565\uff0c\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u6355\u83b7\u8f93\u51fa\u6216\u4f2a\u9020\u8f93\u5165\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    #include <sstream>\n#include <iostream>\n\nint main() {\n    stringstream fakeInput;\n    fakeInput << \"42\\nhello\\n\";\n\n    auto* oldCin = cin.rdbuf();\n    cin.rdbuf(fakeInput.rdbuf());\n\n    int x;\n    string y;\n    cin >> x >> y;      \/\/ \u4ece fakeInput \u8bfb\u53d6\n    cout << x << \", \" << y << endl;  \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa 42, hello\n\n    cin.rdbuf(oldCin);\n    return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \u8ffd\u52a0\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \u65b9\u5f0f<\/th>\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b<\/th>\u8bf4\u660e<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
    ofstream<\/code> \u8ffd\u52a0<\/td>ofstream fout(\"file.txt\", ios::app);<\/code><\/td>\u6700\u5e38\u7528\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u5199\u5165\u81ea\u52a8\u5230\u672b\u5c3e<\/td><\/tr>
    ofstream<\/code> \u5148\u6253\u5f00\u540e\u8bbe\u6a21\u5f0f<\/td>fout.open(\"file.txt\", ios::app);<\/code><\/td>\u540c\u4e0a<\/td><\/tr>
    fstream<\/code> \u8bfb\u5199\u8ffd\u52a0<\/td>fstream fs(\"file.txt\", ios::in | ios::out | ios::app);<\/code><\/td>\u53ef\u8bfb\u53ef\u5199\uff0c\u5199\u603b\u662f\u5728\u672b\u5c3e<\/td><\/tr>
    freopen<\/code> \u8ffd\u52a0\u5230 stderr\/stdout<\/td>freopen(\"log.txt\", \"a\", stderr);<\/code><\/td>C\u98ce\u683c\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\uff0c\u8ffd\u52a0\u6a21\u5f0f<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    \u6ce8\u610f<\/strong>\uff1a\u8ffd\u52a0\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u65e0\u6cd5\u4fee\u6539\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5982\u9700\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u6216\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u666e\u901a\u8bfb\u5199\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08ios::out<\/code> \u6216 ios::in|ios::out<\/code>\uff09\u914d\u5408 seekp()<\/code>\uff0c\u4f46\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u8986\u76d6\u800c\u975e\u63d2\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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